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Industry · Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining

NAICS 212230 · 1,744 matched workers · high confidence

Republican lean
44.3% Democratic, 55.7% Republican

Two-party shares across 1,744 workers in the Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining industry.

44.3%
55.7%
DemocraticRepublican
Imputed
44.5% D · 55.5% R
Includes lean for unaffiliated registrants
Hierarchy
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction › Metal Ore Mining
NAICS2 21 · NAICS4 2122
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Where Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining falls

More Democratic than 69% of industries in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

← DemocraticRepublican →Crude Petroleum Extraction — 40% DemocraticDrilling Oil and Gas Wells — 40% DemocraticSupport Activities for Oil and Gas Operations — 39% DemocraticNatural Gas Extraction — 38% DemocraticIron Ore Mining — 48% DemocraticOther Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying — 39% DemocraticConstruction Sand and Gravel Mining — 40% DemocraticOther Metal Ore Mining — 42% DemocraticGold Ore and Silver Ore Mining — 41% DemocraticOther Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying — 46% DemocraticCrushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying — 40% DemocraticUnderground Coal Mining — 28% DemocraticSurface Coal Mining — 35% DemocraticIndustrial Sand Mining — 45% DemocraticCrushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying — 50% DemocraticCopper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining — 44% Democratic0%25%50%75%100%
Each dot is one of the 15 other industries in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction; size scales by workforce. Hover to see names — click to jump.

How this is measured

VRscores estimate the partisan composition of an industry by linking voter registration records to employment profiles, then aggregating workers up the NAICS hierarchy. The two-party shares above exclude workers with no major-party affiliation.

Read the full methodology or the published Organization Science paper.

Top employers in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

Other industries in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

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Citation

Kagan, Max; Frake, Justin; Hurst, Reuben (2026). “VRscores: A New Measure and Data Set of Workforce Politics Using Voter Registrations.” Organization Science, 37(2), 444–465.
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2025.20402