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Industry · Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

Construction Sand and Gravel Mining

NAICS 212321 · 1,907 matched workers · high confidence

Strong Republican lean
39.9% Democratic, 60.1% Republican

Two-party shares across 1,907 workers in the Construction Sand and Gravel Mining industry.

39.9%
60.1%
DemocraticRepublican
Imputed
40.8% D · 59.2% R
Includes lean for unaffiliated registrants
Hierarchy
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction › Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying
NAICS2 21 · NAICS4 2123
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Where Construction Sand and Gravel Mining falls

More Republican than 62% of industries in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction.

← DemocraticRepublican →Crude Petroleum Extraction — 40% DemocraticDrilling Oil and Gas Wells — 40% DemocraticSupport Activities for Oil and Gas Operations — 39% DemocraticNatural Gas Extraction — 38% DemocraticIron Ore Mining — 48% DemocraticOther Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying — 39% DemocraticCopper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining — 44% DemocraticOther Metal Ore Mining — 42% DemocraticGold Ore and Silver Ore Mining — 41% DemocraticOther Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying — 46% DemocraticCrushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying — 40% DemocraticUnderground Coal Mining — 28% DemocraticSurface Coal Mining — 35% DemocraticIndustrial Sand Mining — 45% DemocraticCrushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying — 50% DemocraticConstruction Sand and Gravel Mining — 40% Democratic0%25%50%75%100%
Each dot is one of the 15 other industries in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction; size scales by workforce. Hover to see names — click to jump.

How this is measured

VRscores estimate the partisan composition of an industry by linking voter registration records to employment profiles, then aggregating workers up the NAICS hierarchy. The two-party shares above exclude workers with no major-party affiliation.

Read the full methodology or the published Organization Science paper.

Top employers in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

Other industries in Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

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Citation

Kagan, Max; Frake, Justin; Hurst, Reuben (2026). “VRscores: A New Measure and Data Set of Workforce Politics Using Voter Registrations.” Organization Science, 37(2), 444–465.
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2025.20402